April 2025

OIV’s 2024 Report on the Global Wine Sector: Emphasizing Adaptation and Multilateral Cooperation

The International Vine and Wine Organisation (OIV) reinforced the importance of multilateral cooperation and adaptation to changing conditions, as global data on the wine sector in 2024 was released at its online Press Conference April 15^th,2025.

The OIV also released statistics on production, consumption and trade from all producing and consuming nations (over 180) to create a snapshot of the sector in the 2024 calendar year.

The data highlights the effects of climate change, shifting consumer preferences and geopolitical uncertainty upon the sector.

OIV Director General, John Barker, said that these impacts present a challenge of adaptation for the wine sector, but that successful adaptation would bring opportunities.

“Working together to develop solutions to climate change and making wine a beacon of sustainability; investing in research on new audiences so that we can see wine through their eyes; reinforcing our commitment to multilateralism and global trade: these are the elements that will lead the wine sector forward.

The OIV has a key role as the global reference for vine and wine, uniting 51 countries to promote cooperation, harmonization and knowledge sharing around the key challenges and opportunities for the sector.”

KEY DATA AND INSIGHTS

Decrease in global vineyard area slows

The global vineyard surface area has been decreasing for the past four years. A contraction of 0.6% to 7.1 million hectares in 2024 showed a slower rate of decrease. The downward trend is driven by vineyard removals across major vine growing regions, but a few countries are showing a dynamic of expansion of their vineyards.

World wine production faces climate change

Global wine production in 2024 is estimated at 226 million hectolitres, the lowest in over 60 years, down 5 % compared to 2023. This is largely due to unpredictable and extreme weather events in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres caused by climate change.

New consumption patterns and diversity of the markets

In 2024, global wine consumption is estimated at 214 million hectolitres (mhl), a 3.3% decrease compared to 2023. If confirmed, this would represent the lowest global consumption level since 1961. This is due to an intersection of economic and geopolitical factors generating inflation and creating uncertainty, as well as a decline in mature markets shaped by evolving lifestyle preferences, shifting social habits and generational changes in consumer behaviour. However, across 195 countries, wine has never been so widely consumed worldwide. It has also been recalled that a number of countries that combine strong overall consumption with very large populations still offer significant growth potential.

Equilibrium between production and demand

Despite ongoing declines in both production and consumption, global market equilibrium is expected to hold in 2024, as production is unlikely to exceed demand_ continuing the trend seen with the small 2023 harvest. Two consecutive years of low output may help stabilize the market, though stock levels are likely to remain uneven across regions.

International trade holds volumes and value

Export volumes held steady at 99.8 million hectolitres (mhl). Export value slightly declined by 0.3% to 36 billion EUR, but remains at a historically high average export price of 3.60 EUR/litre. Inflation and low supply continue to keep prices high compared to pre-pandemic years (almost 30% above).

Bordeaux Launches “Wine By The Glass” To Captivate the Next Generation

Bordeaux is launching a new campaign aimed at encouraging wine consumption by the glass, as the region faces declining exports, shifting consumer preferences, and growing competition from beer. The initiative, called “Bordeaux se met au verre” (“Bordeaux by the glass”), is being rolled out across approximately 100 bars and restaurants in the city. Each participating venue will receive a €250 promotional kit if they commit to offering at least three wines by the glass, including one organic option and one priced at €5 or less.

The campaign is being led by Bordeaux’s Green mayor, Pierre Hurmic, who said the goal is to modernize the image of Bordeaux wines and make them more accessible to younger consumers. “We want to rejuvenate the image of Bordeaux’s wines,” Hurmic said. “It’s also about making the people of Bordeaux and the four million tourists who come here each year more aware of the variety of our wines, not just reds, but whites, rosés and sparkling crémants.”

The move comes as Bordeaux’s traditional full-bodied red wines are losing ground to lighter styles such as Pinot Noir from Burgundy. At the same time, overproduction has forced some growers in the region to uproot vines due to falling demand. Younger French drinkers are increasingly turning to beer, which is often cheaper and perceived as more casual.

Christophe Chateau of the Conseil Interprofessionnel du Vin de Bordeaux (CIVB) said that changing habits in restaurants are also affecting wine sales. “Sales of bottles of wine in restaurants have fallen as people are drinking less and more now order glasses, especially couples when one wants red and the other white,” he said. “You see a lot of Bordeaux wines by the bottle on restaurant wine lists, but not so many by the glass.”

To support the campaign, the Bordeaux Wine School will offer training for restaurant staff on how to properly store and serve wine by the glass. The use of wine-on-tap systems is also being considered as a way to reduce waste and maintain quality.

Liz Palmer’s Exclusive Interview with Andrea Perez Castillo of Flatrock Cellars + Wine Tasting Notes

Andrea Perez Castillo holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Mexico, and a Master’s in Viticulture and Oenology from the Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain.

Her winemaking career began in 2012 as an assistant winemaker at Tierra Adentro Winery in Zacatecas. Following this, she pursued her master’s studies in Spain, which marked the start of her professional journey. Upon completing her degree, Andrea joined Casa Madero Winery in the Parras de la Fuente Valley, Coahuila, Mexico, where she served as a winemaker from 2016 to 2020. During her tenure, she distinguished herself as the youngest winemaker at the winery. She gained valuable international experience by participating in southern hemisphere harvests at renowned wineries, including Ventisquero in Chile, Cederberg in South Africa, and Oyster Bay (Delegat) in New Zealand.

In 2023, Andrea embarked on her Ontario wine journey, contributing to her first harvest at Hidden Bench. There, she met Marlize Beyers, a highly respected consulting winemaker in the Niagara region, who offered her the position of Winemaker at Flat Rock Cellars. Andrea officially began her new role at Flat Rock Cellars in December 2023.

Liz Palmer: Which influential women in the wine industry have inspired you throughout your journey?

Andrea Perez Castillo: There have been many women winemakers in my career, right now I would name Marlize Beyers. From the early beginning she has been my mentor in Ontario wines. She has guided me and share everything she know about the area, I love her attitude, nothing stops her, and I know I am fortunate to now call her a friend.

Liz Palmer: Could you share a particularly memorable experience or achievement in your illustrious career?

Andrea Perez Castillo: I think having the experience of making wine in other countries, my favorite harvest so far has been the one in South Africa. Such a lovely and proud people in a beautiful country. A big highlight was reviving the long-dormant sparkling wine program at Casa Madero, one of Mexico’s most storied wineries.

Liz Palmer: What recent technological innovations have you and your team integrated into your winemaking process?

Andrea Perez Castillo: I’m relatively new at Flat Rock Cellars, I took over at the end of 2023. In 2024, I focused on identifying the blocks with special characteristics and starting to give destination to the grapes from the field to the bottle, during 2024 harvest we got back to the fundamentals in the cellar focusing on good clean happy fermentations

Liz Palmer: How do you ensure sustainability and uphold environmental responsibility in your vineyard and winery operations?

Andrea Perez Castillo: The 2024 harvest, we start by paying more attention to cultural practices, applications, etc. in the vineyard, this is to have a better control of what is happening in the vineyard and return all the good that the vineyard gives us year after year. As for the cellar, we have a new barrel steamer, which helps us to preserve water, also we have new cleaning practices in the cellar, we track water use daily, this gives us more awareness of the use of water and how to take better care of it.

Liz Palmer: What are your perspectives on the No and Low Alcohol Wine Revolution, and how has your wine estate adapted to this burgeoning movement?

Andrea Perez Castillo: There is a market for everything, and we must be prepared for it. The wine suffers a lot when it is dealcoholized, it is a harsh process on the wine. I know that there are other alternatives such as some selected yeasts that help produce less alcohol, I worked with some in Mexico, where the results were good but there is still more work to be done on that.

Liz Palmer: How do you and your team stay abreast of the latest trends and advancements in the wine industry?

Andrea Perez Castillo: When you are dedicated to making wine, or you are in the wine industry, it is something that I have found in all of us who are dedicated to this is that we love to know what is new and to experiment, for us at FRC, we never stop learning, learning is part of our development and that of the winery, we are always aware of new technologies, visiting fairs and reading magazines about new technologies and having conversations with our external consultant winemaker.

Liz Palmer: What advice would you offer to young women aspiring to enter the wine industry?

Andrea Perez Castillo: She should prepare herself, study, read, know herself. Winemaking is making decisions under pressure, especially during harvest. Opportunities always come, but you must be prepared to take the reins with confidence.

Wine Tasting Notes

Flat Rock Cellars “Foundation Series” Chardonnay 2023

On the nose, aromas of ripe yellow plum and nectarine, intertwined with hints of vanilla and toast – a subtle nod to its careful oak aging. The palate bursts with vibrant notes of tropical fruit with hints of citrus, balanced by the refreshing minerality with crisp acidity, with an enduring finish.

90 Points
Liz Palmer

Flat Rock Cellars “Foundation Series” Pinot Noir 2023

This complex Pinot displays an enticing bouquet of dark cherry, blackberry and cranberry, accented by earthy undertones with subtle spices. On the palate, it delivers vibrant red fruit nicely balanced with hints of spice and oak. The wine’s silky tannins and refreshing acidity create a harmonious profile, culminating in an elegant, lingering finish.

Score 92
Liz Palmer

The Twelve Pievi: How Tuscany’s Historic Wine Region Is Redefining Excellence After Three Decades

In the heart of Tuscany, where time moves at its own leisurely pace, the historic town of Montepulciano celebrates a remarkable milestone in 2025. While thirty-one years may seem minor against the backdrop of a town preserved since the 16th century, the evolution of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano during this period tells a story of extraordinary growth and transformation. Since establishing the Anteprima event in 1994 to showcase market-ready vintages, the Consortium has seen production volumes and membership nearly double. The 31st edition of the Preview returns to honor its rich heritage while embracing the future, continuing the legacy of an appellation with winemaking traditions dating back to Etruscan times.

The Renaissance of Traditional Terroir
The custodians of Montepulciano’s viticultural heritage have achieved a masterful balance between innovation and tradition, preserving the essence of their craft while adapting to modern challenges. Their meticulous stewardship extends beyond the vineyards to the entire ecosystem—landscapes, architecture, and cultural practices are carefully maintained as living tributes to ancestral accomplishments.

The 2025 market debut of the prestigious Pieve classification marks the culmination of years of dedicated research and development. Following the Consortium’s approval in 2023 and the Italian National Wine Committee’s final endorsement on October 10, 2024, these exceptional wines have reached shelves with the publication of regulations in the February 5, 2025 Official Journal. The 2021 vintage—the first to carry the distinguished Pieve designation—exemplifies the region’s commitment to geographical authenticity and production excellence.

These twelve Additional Geographic Units (UGAs) honor ancient parish divisions that date back to the Roman and Lombard eras, creating a direct connection between contemporary winemaking and historical territorial organization. Only wines produced with at least 85% Sangiovese grapes grown and bottled by the same estate within a specific Pieve boundary may bear this prestigious label. Quality control remains paramount, with the Consortium establishing an internal commission of technical experts to ensure compliance with rigorous specifications before certification.

Industry professionals surveyed by Nomisma project retail prices for these premium offerings to range between 40-70 euros, with exceptional bottles commanding 70-100+ euros. The market acknowledges the unique value proposition, with respondents emphasizing Montepulciano’s “strong identity and tradition,” “superior quality,” and the “prestige of the brand” as key differentiators. Wine enthusiasts now can explore these distinctive terroirs through comparison tastings, enhanced by the Consortium’s innovative ’12 Pievi’ web series documenting the unique characteristics of each historical parish zone.

Montepulciano’s forward-looking approach extends beyond geographical classification to embrace sustainability initiatives. As the first Italian denomination to receive Equalitas certification in May 2022, the region upholds strict environmental standards by measuring carbon and water footprints while promoting socio-economic equity. A sophisticated network of 50 meteorological stations provides critical data for ongoing climate adaptation strategies.

Where History and Viticulture Converge
Nestled on limestone hills that divide the Val di Chiana from Val d’Orcia, Montepulciano stands as a living testament to centuries of artistic, architectural, and agricultural achievement. Visitors wandering its cobblestone streets encounter Etruscan relics, Renaissance palazzos, ornate religious sanctuaries, and thriving artisanal traditions. The magnificent Piazza Grande, with its 17th-century Duomo, serves as the gravitational center, while the San Biagio sanctuary forms a stunning gateway to the iconic cypress-lined valleys that define the quintessential Tuscan landscape.

The Consortium has enhanced the visitor experience through the introduction of the “Pilgrimage to Montepulciano’s Pievi,” an immersive journey combining walking tours of historic parish territories with evening tastings of their distinctive wines. This multisensory experience invites travelers to engage deeply with the region’s terroir—physically traversing the landscape while savoring its enological expressions.

The economic significance of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano is profound, with the industry valued at approximately one billion euros in combined assets, revenue, and production capacity. Average annual production value reaches 65 million euros, forming the cornerstone of a local economy in which 70% of activity is directly related to viticulture. Of the 16,500 hectares of municipal territory, vineyards occupy 2,000 hectares—including 1,200 hectares dedicated to Vino Nobile DOCG and 390 hectares to Rosso di Montepulciano DOC. The industry supports roughly 1,000 permanent jobs alongside seasonal positions spread across 90 bottling operations and 250 grape producers.

The 2024 market performance highlights continued growth, with 6.7 million bottles of Vino Nobile and 2.3 million bottles of Rosso reaching consumers. Export markets account for 65.5% of production, with Germany (37%) and the United States (28%) leading international demand. Particularly noteworthy is the increasing preference for organic certification, representing 44.7% of domestic sales and exceeding 50% of international transactions.

For wine lovers seeking authentic experiences, Montepulciano offers an unrivaled destination where history, culture, and exceptional winemaking converge. Whether exploring medieval alleys, participating in guided tastings, hiking through vine-covered hills, or embarking on parish pilgrimages, visitors are immersed in traditions that honor the past and embrace the future. The Pieve classification represents more than a marketing distinction; it is a profound reconnection with historical identity—a perfect expression of a region that continues to evolve while remaining true to its timeless character.

A Timeless Sanctuary for Wine Lovers
Situated gracefully on gently undulating limestone slopes that form a natural boundary between Val di Chiana and Val d’Orcia, Montepulciano is a living testament to Tuscany’s rich oenological heritage. This captivating medieval settlement occupies a privileged position among Italy’s most celebrated wine regions, embodying the essence of cultural identity. From ancient Etruscan cultivation methods to modern winemaking innovations, Montepulciano’s terroir has seen the evolution of viticulture over millennia, solidifying its status among Tuscany’s revered wine sanctuaries.

More than just a production zone, Montepulciano serves as an immersive open-air museum chronicling the region’s enduring connection to viticulture. The town attracts discerning enophiles and cultural travelers from around the globe, each seeking the harmonious blend of historical significance and vinous excellence that defines this remarkable destination.
The charming historic center reveals layers of architectural and artistic achievement, including prehistoric Etruscan artifacts, magnificent Renaissance palazzos, consecrated sanctuaries adorned by master painters, classical performance venues, and thriving workshops that preserve traditional craftsmanship. Every cobblestone and archway contribute to Montepulciano’s unique charm, inviting visitors to lose themselves in its timeless allure. Here, amidst this splendid tapestry of historical and aesthetic treasures, wine serves as the ultimate ambassador—a masterful interpreter of Tuscany’s magnificent landscape. Through each glass of this noble elixir, visitors embark on a sensory journey that bridges past and present, terroir and tradition, celebrating Montepulciano’s enduring legacy as a sanctuary for those who value the profound relationship between place, culture, and exceptional winemaking.

Filippo Magnani

Liz Palmer’s Exclusive Interview with Jamie Williams of Nederburg Wines, SA + Wine Tasting Notes

Jamie Williams’s career in winemaking began a decade ago with an internship in the laboratory and cellar at Die Bergkelder, the home of Fleur du Cap Wines in Stellenbosch. This opportunity followed her graduation with a Bachelor of Science in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology from Stellenbosch University. Her passion for viticulture and oenology deepened in 2016 during a harvest season in Napa, California, where she gained valuable international experience. Williams further honed her skills through multiple harvests across the Stellenbosch District while also working in wine tasting rooms and sales to broaden her industry knowledge. In 2018, her dedication and expertise led to her appointment as assistant winemaker at Nederburg Wines , marking a significant milestone in her professional journey. Jamie is now Winemaker of White and Rose wines at Nederburg Wines.

Liz Palmer: Which influential women in the wine industry have inspired you throughout your journey?

Jamie Williams: I am very blessed to have worked with mostly women winemakers for the past 10 years! Andrea Freeborough who is the Head of winemaking for Heineken Beverages and Elmarie Botes who was the winemaker at Nederburg Wines when I started at Nederburg as an assistant, and both of whom I still work very closely with, has molded me into the winemaker I am today. Shaina Harding, winemaker at Hunnicutt Wines where I worked at in Napa Valley has shown me how tough women can be when working physically in the cellar and nothing is ever too heavy or difficult to do as a woman in the cellar, working with mostly men.

Liz Palmer: Could you share a particularly memorable experience or achievement in your illustrious career?

Jamie Williams: My most recent achievement winning Gold at the Drinks Business Global Sauvignon blanc Masters for the Nederburg Winemaster’s Sauvignon blanc 2024. Only one of 2 South African Wines to achieve Gold in that category.

Liz Palmer: Congratulations !!

Liz Palmer: What recent technological innovations have you and your team integrated into your winemaking process?

Jamie Williams: At Nederburg, we have always tried to maintain being a leader in innovative winemaking techniques. My approach this year, however, was taking it back to the past. We played around with some skin contact old vine Chenin Blanc in Amphorae clay pots that we have imported from Italy. On the analytical side we are sending our wines for sensory analysis and benchmarking how we are faring vs our competitors and what the consumer wants. Most of our wines are also vegan and vegetarian-friendly.

Liz Palmer: How do you ensure sustainability and uphold environmental responsibility in your vineyard and winery operations?

Jamie Williams: Nederburg Wines is IPW (Integrated Production of Wines) compliant, meaning we are fully traceable with production integrity of our wines we craft. We have also earned WWF Conservation Champion status, thanks to our water and energy conservation measures. On the farm we have also planted Grenache and Carignan which are drought-resistant varieties to combat climate change. Our delicate and sophisticated Winemaster’s Grenache Carignan Rose is made from these grapes.

Liz Palmer: What are your perspectives on the No and Low Alcohol Wine Revolution, and how has your wine estate adapted to this burgeoning movement?

Jamie Williams: As a winemaker, No and Low alcohol wine is not much used in my vocabulary as there is so much, chemically and sensorially, that alcohol brings to wine and to strip that away makes the wine not as beautiful as what you initially crafted. However, being a mom to currently 2 toddler boys, it is difficult for me to consume a bottle of wine with an alcohol of 13.5% or higher as my boys keep me on my toes. After 2 glasses I am done! This is why I understand the need for lower alcohol wines for enjoyment that will last longer. At Nederburg we have experimented with low alcohol wines in the cellar, but nothing in the bottle.

Liz Palmer: How do you and your team stay abreast of the latest trends and advancements in the wine industry?

Jamie Williams: We do constant benchmark tastings to ensure that we are abreast of our competitors. I also love to attend seminars where suppliers will offer their latest technology and hearing from other winemakers what has worked for them. The South African wine industry is very tight knit!

Liz Palmer: What advice would you offer to young women aspiring to enter the wine industry?

Jamie Williams: Be prepared to face challenges in this male dominated industry. I have been blessed enough to work with mostly women which made it easier for me to delve in, but I still faced challenges. Always work hard and believe in yourself. I have been told by another winemaker whom I looked up to that I will never be a winemaker. Those words just motivated me even more to prove them wrong. Always have God at the center and a good support system at home.

Wine Tasting Notes

Nederburg Heritage Heroes “The Brew Master” 2020

This is a wine of remarkable depth and refinement. Its dark ruby hue sets the stage for a sensory journey, with aromas of ripe blueberries and luscious black cherries intertwined with nuances of tobacco leaf, dark chocolate, with hints of spice. On the palate, the wine reveals a harmonious tannin structure, offering complexity and layers that unfold elegantly with every sip. Its long, enduring finish leaves an indelible impression of sophistication.

Crafted from a masterful blend of Cabernet Sauvignon (64%), Petit Verdot (18%), Cabernet Franc (11%), Merlot (4%), and Malbec (3%), this wine is matured for 29 months in French and American oak, delivering a robust, fruit-forward character. With its powerful presence and rich fruit profile, Nederburg “The Brew Master” is a true expression of excellence.

Liz Palmer
92 Points

“Winemasters” Chardonnay Nederburg 2022

This wine is a testament to Nederburg’s dedication to crafting elegant and expressive wines. This Chardonnay showcases a vibrant and lively character, with aromas of honeyed apples and crisp citrus zest that leap from the glass. On the palate, it reveals a refreshing steely acidity, beautifully balanced by a creamy texture and subtle citrus and apricot. The wine’s texture is both clean and rounded, offering a harmonious interplay of freshness and richness.

Liz Palmer
91 Points